Sooner or later, every photographer gets the same advice: to find their own style. It sounds simple, and in a way, it is. Style is most often seen as just a set of techniques in shooting and editing—a visible form that anyone can copy. It is rarely explained how that point is reached. Yet every photographer eventually faces it. This article is an attempt to look at the internal process that quietly shapes what we later recognize as style.
The Myth of Style
Photography is often described as the search for one’s own style, as if it already exists somewhere and simply waits to be found. Around this idea, a persistent myth has formed, suggesting that style appears with experience, inspiration, or the right choice of camera. In reality, it is both simpler and harder. The absence of style is not the absence of a system; it is the absence of a planned sequence in your development. Most photographers endlessly try something new, hoping that style will eventually reveal itself. But style is not born from the number of attempts. It takes shape through the exclusion of what is unnecessary—through a structure of refusals. Style is not a collection of visual techniques but the result of conscious limitations.
When the visual field becomes overloaded with effects, technical accessibility erases the difference between amateurs and professionals. In such conditions, it is impossible to stand out through equipment. That choice is the start of everything. Today, distinction is created not by how you shoot but by how you choose. That is why a discussion about style is not a question of aesthetics but a question of strategy. Style is not the outcome of inspiration; it is the result of organized choice.
Why Style Does Not Come by Itself
You can keep photographing for decades, have a strong portfolio, and still remain unnoticed. You can be a master of light, composition, and post-production, yet still have no distinct face. Following trends is easier than developing your own structure. But following trends is a form of dependence. And dependence always comes at a cost. By following what works today, you lose what could distinguish you tomorrow. The outcome is predictable: over time, you lose the ability to choose your clients and become dependent on the market—not because you are worse, but because you have nothing that sets you apart.
Almost every photographer at some point notices that random successful shots stop bringing satisfaction. A need appears for depth, for logic, for a language that cannot be confused with another. This transition has nothing to do with equipment. It begins with refusal—not of bad images, but of good ones that do not feel like yours. That is the moment when the real work on style begins. In other words, growth starts with elimination. From that point, you begin to develop your own system—not theoretical but practical. These are the first steps toward your strategy.
Today, style is not only a matter of personal vision; it is a way to survive in the profession. But it does not appear from desire and does not grow out of taste. It takes shape only when practice becomes thoughtful and directed. Style is not the result of trying everything. It is the result of choosing a direction and stopping the dispersion of effort into everything else. If the previous article, Beyond Specialization: What Really Sets a Photographer’s Business Apart, focused on how photographers build their distinct position through clarity, client experience, and uniqueness in the market, this one turns to the inner logic that works in parallel—the one that holds your work together and gives it coherence.
What a Strategy Is
Your aesthetic strategy (let’s name it this way) is neither a theory nor a fashionable term but an inner logic that keeps a photographer from falling into the chaos of choice. Its purpose is not so much to direct as to limit. It defines what you do, what you avoid, and why. Style is not what you create; it is what you stop doing. It appears when the photographer builds a personal system of “no.” Without a strategy, a photographer loses inner integrity: style disappears not because growth has stopped but because it has become disordered.
We rarely discuss strategy directly, yet it precisely transforms random successes into a consistent approach. It isn't a genre or a visual technique—it’s a structure of choices making your handwriting recognizable and preventing it from falling apart. That logic is what keeps everything unified.
Most strategies form intuitively. You begin to notice familiar choices—a kind of rhythm in how you light, frame, or focus. At first, it feels like a habit, but with time, you see the pattern: it was never random. Once you recognize it, the work starts to hold together.
The essence of strategy is what you exclude, not what you show. That deliberate absence is what holds your work together. Even a flawless frame can feel wrong, and when it does, you let it go. That isn’t hesitation; it’s control. The ability to refuse distinguishes a professional from an experimenter. That’s true discipline. From then on, you stop judging success by the number of strong images and start judging it by how coherent your work has become.
Style is not born from diversity; it emerges from stability. Everything you exclude shapes you more than what you add. Put simply, what you refuse defines you more than what you create. These refusals define your boundaries, and boundaries create recognizability. Strategy makes this process conscious and helps you avoid breaking your own rules. It turns scattered decisions into a hierarchy of priorities, ensuring every action aligns with your direction.
The Practical Level: How Strategy Is Built
If, in theory, a strategy is a structure of refusals, in practice, it requires concrete actions. A strategy doesn’t start with plans or goals. It begins with observation. To understand where you’re really heading, start noticing the patterns—what keeps coming back, what keeps deepening, what has stopped working, and what you’ve already chosen to leave behind. The answers turn habits into structure, and structure into awareness.
The first step is to define what you no longer do. This is harder than it seems because refusal always demands confidence. We tend to think that development is linked to expansion, but in photography, growth begins with narrowing. In practice, however, growth in photography begins with narrowing. Are you ready to remove everything unnecessary—to shoot with one camera, to use one lens, to limit yourself by color, theme, or format? These boundaries do not make you poorer; they concentrate energy. And that focus becomes power.
Art history confirms that we remember not those who did everything but those who deliberately narrowed their focus. Every well-known photographer or artist had a period in which they became themselves—not because other stages were worse, but because that was when they abandoned everything secondary. That’s when identity took shape.
A strategy requires not only refusals but also analysis. When you look at someone else’s work, notice what’s missing—the themes left untouched, the edits that never leave the archive, the frames quietly set aside. It’s often these invisible boundaries that shape who you are as an author.
It is important to understand that style exists not in how you shoot but in what you show to the world. The consistency of what you publish shapes perception far more than your inner beliefs. In the end, it is the viewers who decide whether you have a style because style is what they see in your system of refusals.
An aesthetic strategy helps preserve this structure. It disciplines you when intuition leads you astray and keeps your integrity when the temptation arises to try everything at once. This is its practical strength: it preserves what you have already begun to build. It keeps the line unbroken.
Where to Find Support
Most photographers look for inspiration within their own profession and, in doing so, make their main mistake. By studying colleagues, you strengthen your technical skills but do not develop your own language. If you learn only from those playing on the same field, you inevitably start repeating their moves. That can help early on, but it won’t take you far when everyone is drawing from the same source.
True originality comes not from within but from outside. The strongest photographers developed their handwriting by looking not at photography but at other arts. From painting, one can learn to work with light and color. From architecture, to understand proportion and structure. And from cinema, to bring everything together into a single whole.
Think about Antonioni, Fellini, or Visconti. Great Italian directors remind you of what still images almost forget: how attention moves through space. When you start watching movies this way, the story fades, and the structure of seeing takes over. That’s where timing begins.
A visit to a museum or a good film can teach a photographer more than dozens of tutorials on YouTube. Art history and cinema provide what the professional environment often lacks: an understanding of measure, rhythm, and internal coherence. They help build a personal system of coordinates in which style develops naturally rather than as a reaction to others’ examples. By observing other arts, you learn not imitation but how to construct your own hierarchy of priorities. Because of the difference between mediums, you reinterpret and adapt their methods more deeply for photography—and this is precisely where a strategic vision begins to appear. That’s where distinct language is born.
When Style Begins to Work
Style becomes tangible not when you collect enough successful shots but when you start discarding those that don’t align with your direction. This is the moment of transition from accumulation to filtration. You stop keeping images simply because they turned out and keep only those that fit into your visual order of decisions. At this point, your work begins to sound as one. That’s when consistency turns into identity.
But selection does not end inside the archive. Real style manifests not only in what you shoot but in what you choose to show. Publication is part of the strategy, not a random gesture. By rejecting images that do not support your line, you form not only a personal archive but also the viewer’s perception. Over time, it is the consistency of what you show to the world that turns into your visual handwriting.
A coherence appears that cannot be fabricated. Even when subjects and stories change, the viewer senses they’re united by the same author. What emerges is not just structure but recognizability—natural rather than imposed. Sooner or later, the strategy begins to work for you, and style becomes its natural consequence.
Conclusion
Yes, from a purely technical point of view, your style is a set of effects and a sum of skills. The problem is not to find it. The real difficulty is to maintain it—to turn an accident into consistent handwriting. That is what it truly means to “acquire a style.” To achieve this, you need a structure of limitations that makes your work coherent and recognizable. Style does not appear from inspiration and does not grow out of experience. It is assembled by hand through refusals, observation, and conscious decisions.
To make the task simpler, what matters is the consistency of action—your own system of choices, or your strategy. It is a set of internal rules and filters. It does not dictate how exactly you should shoot; it only helps you maintain your direction when the temptations are too many. It is not an instrument of control but one of focus. It transforms intuitive impulses into a sequence and allows you to build your handwriting not as coincidence but as the result of attention and choice.
If you follow the strategy, at some point, everything becomes simpler. You stop searching and start assembling—not intuitively but consciously. And when your filter begins to work on its own, you stop merely taking photographs. You begin to build the work itself—the kind that can be repeated once but cannot be developed without understanding the logic it was built on.
22 Comments
From your first article, Beyond Specialization: "Everything shaping the client experience is part of your product. Paradoxically, your uniqueness might not lie within photography itself but beyond it. What matters is not the variety of work you show but the consistency of how people experience it." So far so good. I fully agree with everything you said there.
However, the points you're making in this article appear to contradict those of the first article. You said in this article: "Even a flawless frame can feel wrong, and when it does, you let it go. That isn’t hesitation; it’s control. From then on, you stop judging success by the number of strong images and start judging it by how coherent your work has become." In your first article, variety of work is okay; in this article, for the sake of creating a recognizable and consistent style, it is not.
Defining our style seems to demand that we translate photographs into text. In search of style, we become obligated to assign words to our images: dark, moody, depressing, bright, happy, colorful, detailed, polished, artsy, surreal, realistic, conceptual, etc. And when we have two images that are opposites, such as dark and bright, we have no consistent style for which someone would say: "That looks like an Ed Kunzelman photo.” But I think that's okay. I live in a relatively small city of about 150,000 so I’m not going to specialize in one genre, color, lens, theme or format and do well financially. The only thing I’ve consistently refused is weddings. But maybe there are elements of a common style among architecture, portraits, products and landscape photography. A commercial business such as a bank or hotel might purchase any or all of those genres, some for advertising and others for decorative wall art. So maybe style is over-rated when facing the practical needs of a small community? After all, many of the most prominent painters in history to which you refer died in poverty. Rembrandt lost his home to bankruptcy and died penniless because he apparently lived an extravagant lifestyle that caught up with him financially, as his painting style fell out of favor in his fifties. Relationships last... styles do not, even if you're Rembrandt.
Thank you, Ed, for such a thoughtful reading of both pieces. It’s rare to see someone follow the argument this closely.
About the contradiction you mentioned: the two articles look at different parts of the work. Beyond Specialization is about the business side and how people experience working with you long before they see the final image. The article on style deals with something much simpler: how a photographer decides what goes into the portfolio, what stays out. These are not opposing ideas. They work separately, and when they align, they usually strengthen each other.
And this connection between the external side of the profession and the way we curate our own work is something I return to in the next articles.
If we assume that a portfolio is only significant to a professional photographer (not a hobbyist), then style and specialization are two sides of the same coin. Amateurs derive no particular benefit from developing a style or having a portfolio. They have no reason to delete a wonderful street or portrait photo just because it doesn't have a consistent style with their collection of landscape photos.
My understanding of style is that it's useful as a sales and marketing concept. The basic idea being that if we shoot too many different subjects, too many different ways, that the resulting "clutter" becomes a messaging problem. Nobody remembers us for anything. I appreciate that, which is why I try to maintain a website with a more narrow portfolio of my work than my work in its entirety. In other words, you won't find any reference to my architectural photography because it simply doesn't fit with my landscapes and nature. I do it when the opportunity knocks on my door, but like you, my passion lies in the art of photography. Style and the basic elements of specialization would seemingly have to align in order to be successful as a fine art photographer. As said before, art galleries look for a cohesive body of work. It escapes me why anyone else should care. It almost seems like concentrating on style is a limiting factor to the growth of an amateur photographer.... like working on a PhD degree before gaining the overall education of elementary school.
I agree with several points, especially the idea that coherence matters once the work becomes public. But I look at style a little differently. For me, style is not tied to professionalism or sales. It appears much earlier, long before a portfolio or a market. Anyone who photographs regularly ends up making choices: what to keep, what to discard, what feels “right” and what quietly falls out of their own direction. That selective logic exists whether a person sells prints or never intends to.
In that sense, practice alone does not create a style. Shooting a wide range of subjects in many ways is normal at the beginning, but quantity doesn’t turn into authorship by itself. What matters is the ability to look at the results critically and to notice which decisions keep returning for a reason. Style grows out of that awareness, not out of narrowing too early or “limiting oneself.” It becomes a structure only when a photographer recognizes what truly aligns with their vision — and what does not.
Galleries formalize this process because they require coherence, but the underlying logic isn’t about the market. It’s simply how a body of work gains clarity. For amateurs and professionals alike, style is not a constraint; it’s the moment when random attempts begin to form a direction.
I agree that style emerges naturally from the beginning, but is it worth pursuing as a form of intentional direction or vision for the amateur as one further develops his craft? I assume you say yes, but why?
To me, there is no universal yes or no because the question depends on intentions rather than rules. If someone photographs only for personal enjoyment, then style does not need to become a goal. But once there is a wish to grow, to understand one’s own direction, or to move beyond a local context, style becomes a natural part of that development.
My aim is not to prescribe a path for everyone. I am offering another way of looking at the process. For some people this perspective will resonate and for others it may not. The right answer is the one that matches what you want from your work and how far you plan to take it.
I’ll continue in a separate comment so we don’t mix different points.
Your note about the “small-town curse” is very real. Many things that work in a big city simply don’t work in a market where the community is small and the demand is limited. In that environment, versatility isn’t a creative choice - it’s the only workable business model, and many photographers I know operate exactly this way. It doesn’t conflict with having a personal direction; it just functions on another level.
In my case, the situation was reversed: I made a deliberate choice to leave a local portrait practice and move fully into fine art, as it was the only way to overcome those constraints.
One more small note, since you shared your images as examples: even across different subjects, there’s a warm and lyrical tone that comes through very clearly. That emotional consistency is already a form of style, even if it doesn’t feel like one.
Ed,
You make excellent points for the virtues of variety in one's body of work.
Personally, I think that it is important to have a style of shooting and composing images that is consistent. But that doesn't need to exclude having variety.
A consistent style and a broad aesthetic are not mutually exclusive.
One can develop a consistent style and a body of work with a congruous aesthetic. And then one can simultaneously develop another style. And another. And another.
The statement "if you have many different styles, them you don't have a style " is FALSE. You can absolutely have several different styles that each have an aesthetic that is quite different from the others, and each style is no less identifiable, or any weaker, because of the existence of the other styles.
I think that if I were to shoot true macro images of insects on slides using microscopes, for scientific journals, that it would be ridiculous to try to in some way make those photos look similar to the photos of deer that I take for hunting magazines and hunting gear product packaging.
If the local paper asks me to go shoot the high school football game on Friday, it would be ridiculous to try to make those photos look similar to the photos of birds that I take for the local tourism council.
When I take photos of a job site in order to show future customers my patio designs and examples of my stone masonry, it would be asinine to try to get those photos to have a look and "mood" that is similar to the editorial images I take of ice fishermen, to sell on Shutterstock.
This idea of having a distinct style is a good one. The idea that everything you shoot should fit into this one distinct style is asinine.
Why do you think it's important to have a consistent style of shooting and composing images, when your subject matter and types of customers are all over the place? It seems to me that if you have a different style for each genre or subject, then you do not have a singular style. You have many. And that sort of undermines the purpose of even thinking about the benefits of having a cohesive style, doesn't it? I still think a style is only as valuable as the words which we assign it, so if you have a style of wildlife photography, how would you describe it?
Ed asked me,
"Why do you think it's important to have a consistent style of shooting and composing images, when your subject matter and types of customers are all over the place?"
I don't think it's important to have a consistent style across different genres. I think you completely missed the entire point of my lengthy comment, because I spent paragraph after paragraph making the point that it ISN'T necessary to have a consistent style when shooting a wide cross section of subject matter across various genres.
So it confuses me why you ask me this question.
You said: "Personally, I think that it is important to have a style of shooting and composing images that is consistent."
I understand that you go on to say that consistency between various genres is not necessary. But how do you reconcile that statement with the first statement that I quoted above? I'm asking how or where, or in what way you see consistency as being important in your style of photography.
I'm writing this in response to your comment above, before reading your comment below. Maybe that will shed a little more light on the subject.
It is important to have a style of shooting and composing and editing images that is consistent.
It is not necessary for that one consistent style to be your only style. You can have several different consistent styles of image-making.
I thought that I expounded on that in the original comment that you quoted that excerpt from.
You ask me how I reconcile the two statements. I already reconciled them in my first comment. This is what I wrote:
"You can absolutely have several different styles that each have an aesthetic that is quite different from the others, and each style is no less identifiable, or any weaker, because of the existence of the other styles."
I don't know how to reconcile my two statements any better than that. If you want a better explanation, I'm sorry, but I won't be able to come up with anything better, because in my mind that explanation is already as good as an explanation can possibly be.
Your explanation and description of what constitutes your style of wildlife photography below does a far better job of communicating your thoughts on style than the generalizations above. In the context of discussing photography, I like to see pictures. Without pictures, I like descriptions of pictures (such as you describe below). You've said yourself how easily one word can impact the way an idea is communicated. A word here or there and communication goes down the drain. Even with the best of intentions, some readers are going to miss the point we're trying to express. I was probably guilty of that with respect to Alvin's article in the first place. My mind is interpreting his words from my framework... not his, and it can take awhile to bridge the gap.
Also... the one word you use below in the description of your style that jumps out at me is realism. I'll bet that pervades your style in other genres as well. It's hard for me to imagine a photo that you've made of your landscaping or patio work that did not share many of the same attributes as your wildlife photos... details, texture, rendering the true essence of the subject in the image. Realism. Answering the question of what really stands out and makes the subject in your picture special. You might shoot a picture under a microscope and make it in the same style, so maybe you can have a consistent style among many different genres. Probably more so than we think. Alvin began to put that in perspective for me with the four pictures I posted above. Seemingly different subjects but similar elements of style.
Yes, Ed, you make a good point. Most of the time, my purpose for making a photo is to show someone what something was like.
As you surmise, this is especially true in the photos I take of my masonry and hardscape design work. The sole reason for taking those photos is to be able to show prospective customers the type of work I do.
With wildlife and other nature photos the purpose is usually the same; to have an image that shows what an animal or a scene looked like. I am usually using photography to communicate information, not moods or feelings.
Of course I also want the photos to "look right" from an aesthetic standpoint. This is most likely due to my obsessive - compulsive nature. "If something isn't just right, then it shouldn't even exist" is a way that I often feel about many things in life, and that attitude is quite prevalent in my photography.
Ed also asked me,
" ..... if you have a style of wildlife photography, how would you describe it?"
Hmmmmm. I don't have a ready-made description of my style for photographing wildlife, so I'm going to have to put some thought into this and write it out from scratch.
Firstly, I am relieved that you ask me to describe my style, instead of asking me to define my style. It is immeasurably easier for me to write a description than it would be to write a definition.
When photographing wildlife, and when editing the resultant images, I try to make sure that everything in the frame is there intentionally; that everything in the frame contributed to the aesthetic I am trying to express, and that nothing in the frame is incongruous to that desired aesthetic.
I tend to favor horizontal compositions, and rarely turn my camera to the vertical position when shooting (although I may crop to a vertical in order to generate more sales).
I usually prefer to have a fair amount of negative space in the frame. But the negative space must all look "just right". I often want to shoot wider, but don't, because in so many situations with wildlife, if I go wider then there will be things in the frame that aren't very attractive, or that don't cohesively blend in to the rest of the scene.
For instance, if I am photographing a deer in the woods and one tree trunk is noticeably lighter than the other tree trunks, then I do not want that tree trunk in the frame, because will be a visual distraction because lighter things naturally tend to draw the eye to them. So in that case I will zoom in tighter, or position myself closer to the deer, in order to get that lighter toned tree trunk out of my picture. Ditto for any other potential distractions.
I also tend towards images that show the animals and birds realistically, rather than impressionisticly. Hence, I tend towards evenly frontlit subjects, or towards overcast days in which the light on the subject is even, regardless of which position or angle I shoot from.
Wanting realistic images, instead of "artsy" or impressionistic images, also guides me toward getting as much clearly resolved subject detail as possible. If I am photographing mammals, I want as many of the individual hairs to be clearly shown as possible. If photographing birds, I want as many of the individual feather segments to be as clearly shown as possible. Why? Because I am trying to show the subject the way it really is, and it really has all of these little details in its coat or plumage.
I think this realistic style is why so many of my images end up being used in field guides, on government websites, in scientific journals, etc. ..... and it is also why so few of my images are used as fine art prints. Because I'm usually going for realism, not for artsy impressionism.
Alvin Greis wrote:
"Photography is often described as the search for one’s own style, as if it already exists somewhere and simply waits to be found."
This is a good point, Alvin
It is asinine for anyone to suggest that a photographer find their style. Why is it asinine? Because a style is developed, not found. A style is created via extended effort, trial, and error.
People in general need to be much more particular about which word they use, because if people just go talking in everyday vernacular, they get so many things wrong, such as thinking of an artistic style as something that is found or discovered instead of being something that is developed and created.
Every word we say and every word we type should be considered carefully, so that we never stray from the literal meanings of the words we use.
Thank you, I agree with your conclusion. Style is created, not found.
However, I would add an important distinction. Practice alone does not create a style. Many attempts do not automatically make someone an author, just as forty years in a laboratory wouldn’t turn a technician into Marie Curie. What shapes a style is not repetition but the ability to evaluate results consciously and to form a consistent system of decisions over time. Without that structure, practice becomes accumulation rather than growth.
For me, this difference is essential. A style emerges when the work becomes selective and when the photographer begins recognizing what truly aligns with their direction, and what does not.
Alvin Greis wrote:
"We tend to think that development is linked to expansion, but in photography, growth begins with narrowing. In practice, however, growth in photography begins with narrowing."
The wording here seems awkward to me, because of the repetition, and also because the use of the word "however" seems inappropriate. I am interested in knowing if anyone else finds this a bit awkward. I am also interested in seeing it worded differently, but in a way that preserves the author's meaning.
EDIT:
This causes me to wonder if style in writing is also primarily about exclusion. Is the writer's choice of what types of wording to exclude more important than what to include?
Repetitive phrasing in successive sentences, or within a paragraph, is something that I would choose to exclude from my writing. But Alvin has chosen to use such phrasing in this article. So I wonder if that choice is an integral part of his writing style, or not?
Thank you for the thoughtful observation. The repetition is intentional. I often use it to shift the emphasis from a general idea to its practical meaning, almost like a hinge between two parts of a thought. And perhaps it is consistent, because my visual work also relies on recurring elements. For me, repetition is not duplication, but a way of shaping attention.
As a maternity and newborn photographer, I found this article very meaningful and thought-provoking. I truly believe that developing a style isn’t about simply getting better at lighting or editing — it’s about learning to say “no” to what doesn’t serve your vision, and being intentional about what you bring forward. Over time, I realized that not every technically successful image belongs to my body of work; I discard images that, although “good,” don’t reflect the mood, the softness, the intimacy I aim to capture with expectant mothers and newborns.
In my experience, this selective approach — this internal strategy — is what turns a collection of photos into coherent visual storytelling. It helps me stay true to the emotional tone I want to deliver: tender, calm, authentic. And it gives clients a consistent, recognizable experience: when they see a photo from me, they know it will carry a certain sensitivity, warmth, and care.
I also appreciate how the article reminds us that style isn’t born out of repeated attempts or experimentation alone — it emerges when you commit to a direction and hold yourself to it. For me, that commitment translates into studio choices: soft lighting, gentle posing, minimal distractions — decisions that support the vulnerability and purity of pregnancy and newborn sessions.
Ultimately, a well-defined style anchored in conscious choices is not a limitation, but a strength. It allows me to build a body of work that resonates, stands apart, and becomes more than just images — a visual signature of trust, care, and human connection.